20.PCI代码导读-1.LSPCI源码及使用-《计算机知识》

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2025-11-02 22:25:13 系统网络 来源：ZONE.CI 全球网 0 阅读模式
  • Pciutils源码分析
    • lspci
      • 如何使用
      • 源码包编译
      • 代码流程分析
      • 获取pci详细信息
      • lspci -t 的解析（重点，也可通过sysfs进行查看，更直观）
    • setpci 修改配置空间
    • 实战应用
    • 附录：提供两个查看PCI得工具

    Pciutils源码分析

    lspci是Linux下分析PCI设备的神器，简单分析下实现原理

    源码下载： pciutils-3.7.0 或 github下载

    pciutils提供了三种常用的工具：

    • lspci: displays detailed information about all PCI buses and devices. 查看PCI设备的信息

    • setpci: allows to read from and write to PCI device configuration registers. For example, you can adjust the latency timers with it. CAUTION: There is a couple of dangerous points and caveats, please read the manual page first! 允许读写PCI配置空间

    • update-pciids: download the current version of the pci.ids file. 更新最新版本的pci.ids文档 // /usr/share/misc/pci.ids 前边描述了已知设备得vendor ID和DeviceID 后边(List of known device classes, subclasses and programming interfaces) 描述了 class code组成方式

    lspci

    如何使用

    其实最常用得办法就是查看配置空间

    1. lspci   | grep xxxx # 来查找设备得BDF号，grep是用来过滤其他设备， xxx可以是device号，也可以是Classcode对应类型设备
    2. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:driver-test$ lspci | grep 1480
    3. 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1480
    6. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:driver-test$ sudo lspci -s 28:00.1 -xxxxvvvv  # 用root用户来查看设备所有得配置空间详情
    7. 28:00.1 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1486
    8.     Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 7b89
    9.     Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
    10.     Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort+ <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
    11.     Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
    12.     Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 90
    13.     Region 2: Memory at f7300000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
    14.     Region 5: Memory at f7408000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
    15.     Capabilities: [48] Vendor Specific Information: Len=08 <?>
    16.     Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
    17.         Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
    18.         Status: D0 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
    19.     Capabilities: [64] Express (v2) Endpoint, MSI 00
    20.         DevCap:    MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s <4us, L1 unlimited
    21.             ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset+ SlotPowerLimit 0.000W
    22.         DevCtl:    Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported-
    23.             RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+ FLReset-
    24.             MaxPayload 256 bytes, MaxReadReq 512 bytes
    25.         DevSta:    CorrErr+ UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq+ AuxPwr- TransPend-
    26.         LnkCap:    Port #0, Speed 16GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <64ns, L1 <1us
    27.             ClockPM- Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
    28.         LnkCtl:    ASPM Disabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk+
    29.             ExtSynch- ClockPM- AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
    30.         LnkSta:    Speed 16GT/s, Width x16, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
    31.         DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Range ABCD, TimeoutDis+, LTR-, OBFF Not Supported
    32.         DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis-, LTR-, OBFF Disabled
    33.         LnkSta2: Current De-emphasis Level: -3.5dB, EqualizationComplete-, EqualizationPhase1-
    34.              EqualizationPhase2-, EqualizationPhase3-, LinkEqualizationRequest-
    35.     Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
    36.         Address: 0000000000000000  Data: 0000
    37.     Capabilities: [c0] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=2 Masked-
    38.         Vector table: BAR=5 offset=00000000
    39.         PBA: BAR=5 offset=00001000
    40.     Capabilities: [100 v1] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=010 <?>
    41.     Capabilities: [150 v2] Advanced Error Reporting
    42.         UESta:    DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
    43.         UEMsk:    DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
    44.         UESvrt:    DLP+ SDES+ TLP- FCP+ CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF+ MalfTLP+ ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
    45.         CESta:    RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr+
    46.         CEMsk:    RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr+
    47.         AERCap:    First Error Pointer: 00, GenCap- CGenEn- ChkCap- ChkEn-
    48.     Capabilities: [2a0 v1] Access Control Services
    49.         ACSCap:    SrcValid- TransBlk- ReqRedir- CmpltRedir- UpstreamFwd- EgressCtrl- DirectTrans-
    50.         ACSCtl:    SrcValid- TransBlk- ReqRedir- CmpltRedir- UpstreamFwd- EgressCtrl- DirectTrans-
    51.     Capabilities: [370 v1] Transaction Processing Hints
    52.         Device specific mode supported
    53.         Steering table in TPH capability structure
    54.     Kernel driver in use: ccp
    55.     Kernel modules: ccp
    56. 00: 22 10 86 14 06 04 10 08 00 00 80 10 10 00 80 00
    57. 10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 f7 00 00 00 00
    58. ......
    1. baiy@ubuntu:pcie-test$ lspci -h
    4. Basic display modes:
    5. -mm        Produce machine-readable output (single -m for an obsolete format)
    6. -t        Show bus tree
    8. Display options:
    9. -v        Be verbose (-vv for very verbose)
    10. -k        Show kernel drivers handling each device
    11. -x        Show hex-dump of the standard part of the config space
    12. -xxx        Show hex-dump of the whole config space (dangerous; root only)
    13. -xxxx        Show hex-dump of the 4096-byte extended config space (root only)
    14. -b        Bus-centric view (addresses and IRQ's as seen by the bus)
    15. -D        Always show domain numbers
    17. Resolving of device ID's to names:
    18. -n        Show numeric ID's
    19. -nn        Show both textual and numeric ID's (names & numbers)
    20. -q        Query the PCI ID database for unknown ID's via DNS
    21. -qq        As above, but re-query locally cached entries
    22. -Q        Query the PCI ID database for all ID's via DNS
    24. Selection of devices:
    25. -s [[[[<domain>]:]<bus>]:][<slot>][.[<func>]]    Show only devices in selected slots
    26. -d [<vendor>]:[<device>][:<class>]        Show only devices with specified ID's
    28. Other options:
    29. -i <file>    Use specified ID database instead of /usr/share/misc/pci.ids.gz
    30. -p <file>    Look up kernel modules in a given file instead of default modules.pcimap
    31. -M        Enable `bus mapping' mode (dangerous; root only)
    33. PCI access options:
    34. -A <method>    Use the specified PCI access method (see `-A help' for a list)
    35. -O <par>=<val>    Set PCI access parameter (see `-O help' for a list)
    36. -G        Enable PCI access debugging
    37. -H <mode>    Use direct hardware access (<mode> = 1 or 2)
    38. -F <file>    Read PCI configuration dump from a given file

    源码包编译

    注：配置文件只需要看 lib/config.h即可

    1. # 编译过程
    2. make 即可
    4. # 配置过程
    5. Makefile会调用 
    6. lib/config.h lib/config.mk:
    7.     cd lib && ./configure
    9. lib/configure会将当前所支持的配置写入到lib/config.h中

    代码流程分析

    1. main // lspci.c
    2.     pacc = pci_alloc();  //  ***分配自己的struct pci_access，也会初始化param表
    3.       pci_methods
    4.         pm_linux_sysfs
    5.               sysfs_config(pacc)      //  这里吧所有支持方法的访问目录方式存在parm list，然后遍历
    6.                                                              //  在访问时，通过 sysfs_name(a)获取根目录
    7.                                 // lib/configure:73:echo >>$c '#define PCI_PATH_SYS_BUS_PCI "/sys/bus/pci"'
    9.   getopt(argc, argv, options) // 解析参数
    10.     pci_init(pacc);                          // 初始化方法
    11.       pci_init_v35(pacc);              // 初始化方法表： 解析pci_methods 使用哪个接口
    12.   scan_devices();                            // 扫描所有设备   // sysfs_scan
    13.   sort_them();                                // 快速排序
    14.   show();                                            // 显示
    15.   show_kernel_cleanup();
    16.   pci_cleanup(pacc);
    18. 解析参数中 -A，-O，-G等PCI access options参数:
    19.     default分支：
    20.       parse_generic_option(i, pacc, optarg) // 解析即可
    23. ### 初始化方法接口 
    24. pci_init(pacc);
    25.     pci_init_v35(struct pci_access *a) //init.c
    26.       // *** 获取pci接口，PCI_ACCESS_SYS_BUS_PCI=1，使用pci_methods->pm_linux_sysfs
    27.     struct pci_methods *m = pci_methods[probe_sequence[i]]; // ***获取方法
    28.     pm_linux_sysfs->detect(); // 检查sysfs是否存在
    29.     pm_linux_sysfs->init(); //a->methods->init(a);功能：清空未使用的变量
    32. // ******所以全局的操作方法接口使用如下****  ！！！
    33. struct pci_methods pm_linux_sysfs = {
    34.   "linux-sysfs",                                            //  name接口
    35.   "The sys filesystem on Linux",            //  help接口
    36.   sysfs_config,                                                //  config接口
    37.   sysfs_detect,                                                //  detect接口
    38.   sysfs_init,                                                    //    init接口
    39.   sysfs_cleanup,                                            //    cleanup接口
    40.   sysfs_scan,                                               //    scan接口
    41.   sysfs_fill_info,                                      //    fill_info接口
    42.   sysfs_read,                                                //    read接口
    43.   sysfs_write,                                              //    write接口
    44.   sysfs_read_vpd,                                            //    read_vpd接口
    45.   NULL,                    /* init_dev */                //  init_dev接口
    46.   sysfs_cleanup_dev                                        //     cleanup_dev接口
    47. };
    50. # 注： opt_map_mode暂时不考虑，help里边说有风险
    51. ### 扫描设备接口
    52. scan_devices
    54.   sysfs_scan
    55.     // sysfs_config中获取的目录索引，然后查询dir
    56.     snprintf(dirname, sizeof(dirname), "%s/devices", sysfs_name(a));
    58.     while ((entry = readdir(dir))){
    59.         d = pci_alloc_dev(a);      // 分配dev，并初始化
    60.         pci_link_dev(a, d);
    61.           (struct pci_access *)a->devices = d, 弄成链表，然后前插
    62.     }
    64.   for (p=pacc->devices; p; p=p->next) // 遍历
    65.       scan_device(p)
    66.         pci_read_block(p, 0, d->config, 64)  # 预读取配置空间
    67.           sysfs_read
    68.             do_read(d, fd, buf, len, pos);
    69.               syscall(SYS_pread, fd, buf, size, where);    // 调用系统调用，有点意思的操作方法 ！！！！

    获取厂家信息：从pci.ids中进行对比，来查找厂家信息和设备信息。 pci的id表收录在 pci-ids.ucw.cz 中

    PCI ID Project at The PCI ID Repository， 注册登陆后（公司是PCI-SIG组织成员），可以增加修改对应device id的描述信息，需要maintainer审批合入后，展示在PCI ID网站上 sudo update-pciids 命令可以更新pci.ids 在此位置/usr/share/misc/pci.ids可以查看更新后pci.ids文件

    1. baiy@inno-NUC8i3BEH:pciutils-3.7.0$ sudo ./lspci -s 00:02.0 -m
    3. opt_machine is 1, verbose is 0
    4. 00:02.0 "VGA compatible controller" "Intel Corporation" "Device 3ea5" -r01 "Intel Corporation" "Device 2074"
    5. baiy@inno-NUC8i3BEH:pciutils-3.7.0$ sudo ./lspci -s 00:02.0 -mv
    6. opt_machine is 1, verbose is 1
    7. Device:    00:02.0
    8. Class:    VGA compatible controller
    9. Vendor:    Intel Corporation
    10. Device:    Device 3ea5
    11. SVendor:    Intel Corporation
    12. SDevice:    Device 2074
    13. Rev:    01
    16. show
    17.     show_device(d);
    18.       show_machine(d);  // verbose就是 -vvv中v的数量

    获取pci详细信息

    1. show
    2.     show_device(d);
    3.       show_verbose(d);  // verbose就是 -vvv中v的数量
    1. opt_machine is 0, verbose is 3
    2. 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 3ea5 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
    3.     DeviceName:  CPU
    4.     Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2074
    5.     Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
    6.     Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
    7.     Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
    8.     Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 132
    9.     Region 0: Memory at 90000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
    10.     Region 2: Memory at 80000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
    11.     Region 4: I/O ports at 3000 [size=64]
    12.     Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
    13.     Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
    14.     Capabilities: [70] Express (v2) Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
    15.         DevCap:    MaxPayload 128 bytes, PhantFunc 0
    16.             ExtTag- RBE+ FLReset+
    17.         DevCtl:    CorrErr- NonFatalErr- FatalErr- UnsupReq-
    18.             RlxdOrd- ExtTag- PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop- FLReset-
    19.             MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 128 bytes
    20.         DevSta:    CorrErr- NonFatalErr- FatalErr- UnsupReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
    21.         DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Not Supported, TimeoutDis- NROPrPrP- LTR-
    22.              10BitTagComp- 10BitTagReq- OBFF Not Supported, ExtFmt- EETLPPrefix-
    23.              EmergencyPowerReduction Not Supported, EmergencyPowerReductionInit-
    24.              FRS-
    25.              AtomicOpsCap: 32bit- 64bit- 128bitCAS-
    26.         DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis- LTR- OBFF Disabled,
    27.              AtomicOpsCtl: ReqEn-
    28.     Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
    29.         Address: fee00018  Data: 0000
    30.     Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
    31.         Flags: PMEClk- DSI+ D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
    32.         Status: D0 NoSoftRst- PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
    33.     Capabilities: [100 v1] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
    34.         PASIDCap: Exec- Priv-, Max PASID Width: 14
    35.         PASIDCtl: Enable- Exec- Priv-
    36.     Capabilities: [200 v1] Address Translation Service (ATS)
    37.         ATSCap:    Invalidate Queue Depth: 00
    38.         ATSCtl:    Enable-, Smallest Translation Unit: 00
    39.     Capabilities: [300 v1] Page Request Interface (PRI)
    40.         PRICtl: Enable- Reset-
    41.         PRISta: RF- UPRGI- Stopped+
    42.         Page Request Capacity: 00008000, Page Request Allocation: 00000000
    43.     Kernel driver in use: i915
    44.     Kernel modules: i915

    lspci -t 的解析（重点，也可通过sysfs进行查看，更直观）

    以下边为例，来详解一个lspci 的树形结构

    1. # 其实真没有下边这个直观
    2. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:~$ tree /sys/bus/pci/devices/
    3. /sys/bus/pci/devices/
    4. ├── 0000:00:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.0
    5. ├── 0000:00:00.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:00.2
    6. ├── 0000:00:01.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0
    7. ├── 0000:00:01.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1
    8. ├── 0000:00:01.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3
    9. ├── 0000:00:02.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0
    10. ├── 0000:00:03.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0
    11. ├── 0000:00:03.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1
    12. ├── 0000:00:04.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0
    13. ├── 0000:00:05.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0
    14. ├── 0000:00:07.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0
    15. ├── 0000:00:07.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1
    16. ├── 0000:00:08.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.0
    17. ├── 0000:00:08.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1
    18. ├── 0000:00:08.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.2
    19. ├── 0000:00:08.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.3
    20. ├── 0000:00:14.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0
    21. ├── 0000:00:14.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.3
    22. ├── 0000:00:18.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.0
    23. ├── 0000:00:18.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.1
    24. ├── 0000:00:18.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.2
    25. ├── 0000:00:18.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.3
    26. ├── 0000:00:18.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.4
    27. ├── 0000:00:18.5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.5
    28. ├── 0000:00:18.6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.6
    29. ├── 0000:00:18.7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:18.7
    30. ├── 0000:01:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0
    31. ├── 0000:03:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.0
    32. ├── 0000:03:00.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.1
    33. ├── 0000:03:00.2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2
    34. ├── 0000:20:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:00.0
    35. ├── 0000:20:01.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:01.0
    36. ├── 0000:20:04.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:04.0
    37. ├── 0000:22:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:20:01.0/0000:22:00.0
    38. ├── 0000:26:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:26:00.0
    39. ├── 0000:26:00.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.1/0000:26:00.1
    40. ├── 0000:27:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1/0000:27:00.0
    41. ├── 0000:28:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.0
    42. ├── 0000:28:00.1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.1
    43. ├── 0000:28:00.3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.3
    44. ├── 0000:28:00.4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:28:00.4
    45. ├── 0000:30:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.2/0000:30:00.0
    46. └── 0000:31:00.0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.3/0000:31:00.0
    48. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:~$ lspci
    49. 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1480
    50. 00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1481
    51. 00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    52. 00:01.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1483
    53. 00:01.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1483
    54. 00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    55. 00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    56. 00:03.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1483
    57. 00:04.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    58. 00:05.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    59. 00:07.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    60. 00:07.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
    61. 00:08.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1482
    62. 00:08.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
    63. 00:08.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
    64. 00:08.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1484
    65. 00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 61)
    66. 00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 51)
    67. 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1440
    68. 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1441
    69. 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1442
    70. 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1443
    71. 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1444
    72. 00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1445
    73. 00:18.6 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1446
    74. 00:18.7 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1447
    75. 01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Sandisk Corp Device 5006
    76. 03:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43d5 (rev 01)
    77. 03:00.1 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c8 (rev 01)
    78. 03:00.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c6 (rev 01)
    79. 20:00.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c7 (rev 01)
    80. 20:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c7 (rev 01)
    81. 20:04.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43c7 (rev 01)
    82. 22:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
    83. 26:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f82 (rev a1)
    84. 26:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 10fa (rev a1)
    85. 27:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 148a
    86. 28:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1485
    87. 28:00.1 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1486
    88. 28:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 149c
    89. 28:00.4 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1487
    90. 30:00.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 51)
    91. 31:00.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 51)
    92. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:~$ lspci -t
    93. -[0000:00]-+-00.0
    94.            +-00.2
    95.            +-01.0
    96.            +-01.1-[01]----00.0
    97.            +-01.3-[03-25]--+-00.0
    98.            |               +-00.1
    99.            |               \-00.2-[20-25]--+-00.0-[21]--
    100.            |                               +-01.0-[22]----00.0
    101.            |                               \-04.0-[25]--
    102.            +-02.0
    103.            +-03.0
    104.            +-03.1-[26]--+-00.0
    105.            |            \-00.1
    106.            +-04.0
    107.            +-05.0
    108.            +-07.0
    109.            +-07.1-[27]----00.0
    110.            +-08.0
    111.            +-08.1-[28]--+-00.0
    112.            |            +-00.1
    113.            |            +-00.3
    114.            |            \-00.4
    115.            +-08.2-[30]----00.0
    116.            +-08.3-[31]----00.0
    117.            +-14.0
    118.            +-14.3
    119.            +-18.0
    120.            +-18.1
    121.            +-18.2
    122.            +-18.3
    123.            +-18.4
    124.            +-18.5
    125.            +-18.6
    126.            \-18.7

    setpci 修改配置空间

    可以用来修改配置空间参考： setpci

    1. sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=FF
    2. setpci 是修改设备属性的命令。
    3. -s 表示接下来输入的是设备的地址。
    4. 00:02.0 VGA设备地址（<总线>:<接口>.<功能>）。
    5. F4 要修改的属性的地址，这里应该表示“亮度”。
    6. .B 修改的长度（B应该是字节（Byte），还有w（应该是Word，两个字节）、L（应该是Long，4个字节））。
    7. =FF 要修改的值（可以改）
    10. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:Linux-kernel-test$ sudo setpci  -s 26:00.0 04.W=0407
    11. (base) baiy@inno-MS-7B89:Linux-kernel-test$ lspci -s 26:00.0 -xxxvvv
    12. 26:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f82 (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
    13.     Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device 8d92
    14.     Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
    15.     Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR+ <PERR- INTx-
    16.     Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
    17.     Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 94
    18.     Region 0: Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
    19.     Region 1: Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
    20.     Region 3: Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
    21.     Region 5: I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
    22.     Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
    23.     Capabilities: <access denied>
    24.     Kernel driver in use: nouveau
    25.     Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
    26. 00: de 10 82 1f 07 04 10 40 a1 00 00 03 10 00 80 00
    27. 10: 00 00 00 f6 0c 00 00 e0 00 00 00 00 0c 00 00 f0
    28. 20: 00 00 00 00 01 e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 62 14 92 8d
    29. 30: 00 00 00 f7 60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0a 01 00 00

    实战应用

    在我测试时，遇到过一个任务：HotReset 一个设备，怎么办？

    通过前边，我们知道： 7.5.1.3.13 Bridge Control Register (Offset 3Eh) 中的 Secondary Bus Reset 位 写1 可以使用Host Rset（PCI总线，使用RST#信号复位， PCIE设备使用TS1和TS2序列对下游设备进行Host Rset）

    那么只需要lspci -t 找到设备所在的switch上，使用setpci命令将Secondary Bus Reset进行复位即可。

    附录：提供两个查看PCI得工具

    推荐两个实用的PCIe工具软件

    1. Mindshare ArborMindshare是一家专业的第三方硬件系统培训公司，主要方向为PCI Express、M-PCIe、NVMe、USB、ARM Architecture、DDRx/LPDDRx、Intel Haswell/Broadell、Intel Mobile Platform and SoC、x86 Architecture、HyperTransport、PCI/PCI-X、SAS Storage、SATA Storage、ISA System、InfiniBand Network Architecture、x86 Firmware：UEFI and BIOS和OpenCL等内容。该公司还出版过多本相关内容的书籍：https://www.mindshare.com/Books/Books_*_eBooksArbor是该公司开发的一款调试软件，主要用于PCI/PCI-X/PCIe/Hyper Transport系统的分析与调试。支持主流的Windows和Linux系统：https://www.mindshare.com/software/?section=132B0BA21710用户可以在以上链接免费下载该软件，并有14天的免费试用期，试用期结束后，调试分析功能将被锁定，但是PCI/PCIe Configuration Space查阅功能仍然可以正常使用。该功能实际上就是把PCI/PCIe Spec的相关内容做成了一个软件，方便设计者快速地查找Configuration Space中的每个寄存器的意义和使用方法，如下图所示：1.LSPCI源码及使用 - 图12. Teledyne LeCroy TeleScan PE**Teledyne LeCroy TeleScan PE是与LeCroy的PCIe协议分析仪配套的软件套件中的一部分，和Arbor一样，该软件也同时支持主流的Windows和Linux系统。大家可以在LeCroy的官网上免费下载，并免费使用：https://teledynelecroy.com/protocolanalyzer/pci-express/telescan-pe-software/resources/analysis-softwareTeleScan PE刚好提供了Arbor需要付费才能使用的那部分功能：用户可以通过TeleScan PE来扫描系统中的PCI/PCIe设备，并提供了读写其配置空间中的寄存器的功能。TeleScan PE软件的用户界面截图如下图所示：1.LSPCI源码及使用 - 图2

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